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单片机与RA8875接法及软件初始化之一（通过8080接口介绍）
2020-10-16
本篇文章主要介绍8080时序驱动RA8875
RA8875 是一个文字与绘图模式的双图层液晶显示 (TFT-LCD) 控制器，可结合文字或2D图形应用，最大
可支持到800*480 点分辨率的中小尺寸数字面板。内建 768KB 显示内存可提供大多数使用者的应用一个
更弹性的解决方案。此外，使用者可藉由选用外部串行式Flash 接口，支持BIG5/GB 编码，可提供最大达
32*32 像素之的字型输入。在图形的使用上， RA8875 支持2D 的BTE 引擎 (Block Transfer Engine)，此
功能兼容于一般通用的2D BitBLT 功能，可处理大量图形数据转换与传送。同时RA8875 也内建几何图形
加速引擎 (Geometric Speed-up Engine)，提供使用者透过简单的设定轻松画出直线、矩形、圆形和椭圆
的几何图形。为了贴近终端始用者的应用， RA8875 整合了强大的功能，如画面卷动功能、显示浮动窗
口、图形Pattern 及文字放大等功能，可大量节省使用者软件开发的时间，并提升MCU软件的执行效率。
RA8875 提供低成本的 8080/6800 并列式MCU 接口，由于内建强大的硬件加速功能，可降低数据传输所
需的时间并且改善效率。 RA8875提供串行式 SPI/I2C 等极少量脚位的界面，内建 4-wire 的触控面板控制
器，以及2组脉波宽度调变 (PWM) ，可用于调整面板背光或其它应用。相对于其它的解决方案， RA8875
是一个功能强大及低成本的彩色TFT 控制器，让使用者顺利解决软硬件开发上的疑虑，同时达成低成本、高效能的系统方案。
**
一、硬件设计
连接DB[15:0]、CS、WE、RD等信号线。
选择通讯时序时，硬件电路两个脚位需要设定，本篇文章以8080时序讲解，所以C86和PS引脚都接地
XI\XO为内部晶体振荡电路的输入及输出端，用来连接外部晶体振荡器，以产生RA885的内部频率信号，晶体振荡器选取范围为15MHZ~30MHZ（建议可接20MHZ）
二、软件设计
1、单片机FSMC初始化
**
void FSMC_LCD_Init(void)
{
FSMC_NORSRAMInitTypeDef FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure; //初始化结构体
FSMC_NORSRAMTimingInitTypeDef readWriteTiming; //时序结构体
/*使能FSMC外设时钟*/
RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_FSMC,ENABLE);
//地址建立时间（ADDSET）具体实验测试进行设置
readWriteTiming.FSMC_AddressSetupTime = 0x00;
//数据保持时间（DATAST）
readWriteTiming.FSMC_DataSetupTime = 0x03;
//地址保持时间（ADDHLD）模式B未用到
readWriteTiming.FSMC_AddressHoldTime = 0x00;
//设置总线转换周期，仅用于复用模式的NOR操作
readWriteTiming.FSMC_BusTurnAroundDuration = 0x00;
//设置时钟分频，仅用于同步类型的存储器
readWriteTiming.FSMC_CLKDivision = 0x00;
//数据保持时间，仅用于NOR
readWriteTiming.FSMC_DataLatency = 0x00;
//选择匹配SRAM的模式
readWriteTiming.FSMC_AccessMode = FSMC_AccessMode_A;
// 选择FSMC映射的存储区域： Bank1 NORSRAMx
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_Bank = FSMC_BANK_NORSRAMx;
//设置地址总线与数据总线是否复用，仅用于NOR
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_DataAddressMux = FSMC_DataAddressMux_Disable;
//设置要控制的存储器类型：NOR类型
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_MemoryType =FSMC_MemoryType_NOR;
//存储器数据宽度：16位
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_MemoryDataWidth = FSMC_MemoryDataWidth_16b;
//设置是否使用突发访问模式，仅用于同步类型的存储器
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_BurstAccessMode =FSMC_BurstAccessMode_Disable;
//设置是否使能等待信号，仅用于同步类型的存储器
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_AsynchronousWait=FSMC_AsynchronousWait_Disable;
//设置等待信号的有效极性，仅用于同步类型的存储器
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WaitSignalPolarity = FSMC_WaitSignalPolarity_Low;
//设置是否支持把非对齐的突发操作，仅用于同步类型的存储器
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WrapMode = FSMC_WrapMode_Disable;
//设置等待信号插入的时间，仅用于同步类型的存储器
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WaitSignalActive = FSMC_WaitSignalActive_BeforeWaitState;
//存储器写使能
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WriteOperation = FSMC_WriteOperation_Enable;
//不使用等待信号
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WaitSignal = FSMC_WaitSignal_Disable;
// 不使用扩展模式，读写使用相同的时序
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_ExtendedMode = FSMC_ExtendedMode_Disable;
//突发写操作
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WriteBurst = FSMC_WriteBurst_Disable;
//读写时序配置
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_ReadWriteTimingStruct = &readWriteTiming;
//读写同样时序，使用扩展模式时这个配置才有效
FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure.FSMC_WriteTimingStruct = &readWriteTiming;
FSMC_NORSRAMInit(&FSMC_NORSRAMInitStructure); //初始化FSMC配置
FSMC_NORSRAMCmd(FSMC_BANK_NORSRAMx, ENABLE); // 使能BANK
}2、写入命令及写入数据
**
#define ILI9341_CMD_ADDR (__IO uint16_t*)(0x60000000)
#define ILI9341_DATA_ADDR (__IO uint16_t*)(0x60020000) //此处写入命令及数据地址根据硬件连接的地址线修改
__inline void ILI9341_Write_Cmd ( uint16_t usCmd )
{
*ILI9341_CMD_ADDR = usCmd;
}
__inline void ILI9341_Write_Data ( uint16_t usData )
{
* ILI9341_DATA_ADDR = usData;
}
3、8875初始化及液晶屏的相关初始化（以AT070TN92为例）
**
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOE, GPIO_Pin_1);
Delay(0xAFF);
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOE, GPIO_Pin_1 ); //软件复位
Delay(0xAFF);
//RA8875_PLL_ini
LCD_CmdWrite(0x88);
LCD_DataWrite(0x0b);
delay_ms(1);
LCD_CmdWrite(0x89);
LCD_DataWrite(0x02);
delay_ms(1);
LCD_CmdWrite(0x10); //SYSR bit[4:3]=00 256 color bit[2:1]= 00 8bit MPU interface
//LCD_DataWrite(0x000c); // if 8bit MCU interface and 65k color display
LCD_DataWrite(0x0F); // if 16bit MCU interface and 65k color display
delay_us(1);
LCD_CmdWrite(0x04); //PCLK inverse
LCD_DataWrite(0x81);
delay_ms(1);
//Horizontal set
LCD_CmdWrite(0x14); //HDWR//Horizontal Display Width Setting Bit[6:0]
LCD_DataWrite(0x63);//Horizontal display width(pixels) = (HDWR + 1)*8
LCD_CmdWrite(0x15); //Horizontal Non-Display Period Fine Tuning Option Register (HNDFTR)
LCD_DataWrite(0x03);//Horizontal Non-Display Period Fine Tuning(HNDFT) [3:0]
LCD_CmdWrite(0x16); //HNDR//Horizontal Non-Display Period Bit[4:0]
LCD_DataWrite(0x03);//Horizontal Non-Display Period (pixels) = (HNDR + 1)*8
LCD_CmdWrite(0x17); //HSTR//HSYNC Start Position[4:0]
LCD_DataWrite(0x02);//HSYNC Start Position(PCLK) = (HSTR + 1)*8
LCD_CmdWrite(0x18); //HPWR//HSYNC Polarity ,The period width of HSYNC.
LCD_DataWrite(0x00);//HSYNC Width [4:0] HSYNC Pulse width(PCLK) = (HPWR + 1)*8
//Vertical set
LCD_CmdWrite(0x19); //VDHR0 //Vertical Display Height Bit [7:0]
LCD_DataWrite(0xdf);//Vertical pixels = VDHR + 1
LCD_CmdWrite(0x1a); //VDHR1 //Vertical Display Height Bit [8]
LCD_DataWrite(0x01);//Vertical pixels = VDHR + 1
LCD_CmdWrite(0x1b); //VNDR0 //Vertical Non-Display Period Bit [7:0]
LCD_DataWrite(0x14);//Vertical Non-Display area = (VNDR + 1)
LCD_CmdWrite(0x1c); //VNDR1 //Vertical Non-Display Period Bit [8]
LCD_DataWrite(0x00);//Vertical Non-Display area = (VNDR + 1)
LCD_CmdWrite(0x1d); //VSTR0 //VSYNC Start Position[7:0]
LCD_DataWrite(0x06);//VSYNC Start Position(PCLK) = (VSTR + 1)
LCD_CmdWrite(0x1e); //VSTR1 //VSYNC Start Position[8]
LCD_DataWrite(0x00);//VSYNC Start Position(PCLK) = (VSTR + 1)
LCD_CmdWrite(0x1f); //VPWR //VSYNC Polarity ,VSYNC Pulse Width[6:0]
LCD_DataWrite(0x01);//VSYNC Pulse Width(PCLK) = (VPWR + 1)
LCD_CmdWrite(0xf2);
LCD_DataWrite(0x01);
//Active window set
//setting active window X
LCD_CmdWrite(0x30); //Horizontal Start Point 0 of Active Window (HSAW0)
LCD_DataWrite(0x00); //Horizontal Start Point of Active Window [7:0]
//delay_us(1);
LCD_CmdWrite(0x31); //Horizontal Start Point 1 of Active Window (HSAW1)
LCD_DataWrite(0x00); //Horizontal Start Point of Active Window [9:8]
//delay_us(1);
LCD_CmdWrite(0x34); //Horizontal End Point 0 of Active Window (HEAW0)
LCD_DataWrite(0x1F); //Horizontal End Point of Active Window [7:0]
//delay_us(1);
LCD_CmdWrite(0x35); //Horizontal End Point 1 of Active Window (HEAW1)
LCD_DataWrite(0x03); //Horizontal End Point of Active Window [9:8]
//delay_us(1);
//setting active window Y
LCD_CmdWrite(0x32); //Vertical Start Point 0 of Active Window (VSAW0)
LCD_DataWrite(0x00); //Vertical Start Point of Active Window [7:0]
//delay_us(1);
LCD_CmdWrite(0x33); //Vertical Start Point 1 of Active Window (VSAW1)
LCD_DataWrite(0x00); //Vertical Start Point of Active Window [8]
//delay_us(1);
LCD_CmdWrite(0x36); //Vertical End Point of Active Window 0 (VEAW0)
LCD_DataWrite(0xdf); //Vertical End Point of Active Window [7:0]
//delay_us(1);
LCD_CmdWrite(0x37); //Vertical End Point of Active Window 1 (VEAW1)
LCD_DataWrite(0x01); //Vertical End Point of Active Window [8]
// /*setting RA8875 display on*/
LCD_CmdWrite(0x01); //
LCD_DataWrite(0x80); //
delay_ms(20);
/*RA8875 DMA function setting*/
SROM_CLK_DIV(0); //set serial interface clock rate
Serial_ROM_select1();
Select_Serial_Waveform_mode3();
SERIAL_ROM_Read_Cycle_5bus();
SERIAL_ROM_DMA_mode();
SERIAL_ROM_Signal_mode();
DMA_Block_mode();
/*setting RA8875 memory clear with active window*/
Clear_Active_Window();
/*setting backlight on RA8875 PWM1 control*/
PWM1_enable();
PWM1_fnuction_sel();
PWM1_clock_ratio(0x02); //bit0~3 58KHZ
PWM1_duty_cycle(0xff); //
Brightness_level=10;
LCD_Clear(0x001f);//注：RA8875色彩深度 可为256/65K 色，最大支持到800*480.
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